Micro Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smaller scale Economics - Assignment Example c) If the economy is utilizing the assets as expressed in the inquiry then it is underutilizing the asset accessibility. For this situation it would abuse the suspicion of full work. d) This is unreasonable and can be achieved uniquely in nearness of remote exchange. So as to create past the chance level, the economy must have the option to understand the expansion in the accessibility of assets. Question 2 Answer: Opportunity cost is alluded to as the expense of an action which in estimated with respect to the following best option inevitable. The state of deficiency is the underlying driver of chance expense. In the event that deficiency is missing there will be no motivation to forfeit one thing to accomplish another. The open door cost is probably going to be higher for New York City. The explanation being the elective uses for the square are of more incentive than the square of the rural city. Question 3 Total Profits = Total Cost †Total Revenue Total Cost = P asset * Q ass et and Total Revenue = Price * Q sold Total Cost = ($40 * 5 units of work) + ($60 * 7 units of land) + ($60 * 2 units of capital) + ($20 * 1 unit of enterprising capacity) = $200 + $420 + $120 + $20 = $760. All out Revenue = $2 * 400 portions of banana bread = $800. All out Profits = $800 - $760 = $40. The firm will keep on delivering as it is procuring monetary benefits. In the event that this firm is run of the mill of the banana bread industry, more assets will stream toward banana bread as other potential firms are pulled in to the financial benefits in the business. Question 4 a) For this condition the cost will rise while the amount will fall. b) For this condition the cost will fall while the amount will fall also. c) For this condition the cost will fall while the amount will rise. d) For this condition the cost is vague yet the amount will rise. e) For this condition the cost will ascend just as the amount. f) For this condition the cost will fall however it is beyond the r ealm of imagination to expect to decide the interest. g) For this condition the cost will rise however it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to decide the amount. h) For this condition the cost will stay uncertain yet the amount will fall. Question 5 Price falls and request is inelastic: The all out income will diminish for this situation as request being inelastic a value fall will bring loss of income for the makers. Cost rises and flexibly is versatile: The absolute income will increment for this situation as gracefully being flexible an ascent in cost will prompt increment in all out income conditions. Value rises and flexibly is inelastic: The absolute income will ascend for this situation just as this is the contrary case as the above inquiry. Gracefully being inelastic a cost rise will prompt increment sought after conditions and in this way all out income. Value rises and request is inelastic: The all out income will ascend for this situation. Request being inelast ic an ascent in costs will prompt ascent sought after and absolute income will rise. Value falls and request is versatile: The all out income will ascend for this situation. As request is versatile a fall in cost will prompt increment sought after and all out income will rise. Value falls and request is unit flexible: For this situation the absolute income will continue as before on the grounds that a fall in cost will acquire no change request conditions and in this way all out income will stay unaffected. Question 6 Answer: A roof on value that is set underneath the value level at

John Cena “You Can’t See Me” free essay sample

â€Å"Yeah kid, yeah,† is Flava Flavs oft-cited catchphrase, however the one individuals ought to rehash is, â€Å"You cannot see me.† This is the renowned line of grappler turned-rapper John Cena. Hailing from Massachusetts, Cena turned into a grappler in 2001 and has been at the top from that point forward. He is all that and a sack of potato contributes wrestling, however Cena is likewise da bomb at something different: rap. I purchased Cenas CD since it had his passageway music on it. At the point when I got done with tuning in, I investigated the rest and was astounded at what I heard. It was a charming astonishment, as I wasnt anticipating that his melodies should be acceptable. It wanted to burrow for fortune and discovering huge amounts of gold each time I tuned in to another melody. I like that Cena composes his own verses since most rappers simply use others verses. At the point when you sing your own, it sounds much better since it is originating from your heart. We will compose a custom article test on John Cena â€Å"You Can’t See Me† or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I additionally like that Cena gets his rapper cousin, Tha Trademarc, to help. Together they make the melodies stream pleasantly. These two are stunningly better than 50 Cent and The Game since they have a bond and sound like one individual when they sing. Cena began his rap vocation in the WWE. On a transport ride, when everybody was into hip-jump, the grapplers were free styling and making some great memories. Cena began to free-form, and the imaginative group heard him and figured this ought to be his storyline while wrestling. A couple of years after the fact, Cena needed to get a CD out there to show that he could rap just as anybody. I figure he worked superbly, yet there is one issue: the generalization that competitors are just acceptable at sports. More often than not that is valid, as confirm by Shaq and his CD, or when Hulk Hogan made a CD which turned into the generalization for grapplers. Be that as it may, you need to attempt Cenas CD and overlook the generalization. Perceive how stunning this man can rap. In the event that you like it, give him the regard he merits and approach any restricting rapper and state, â€Å"You cannot see me.†

Albany Plan of Union Essay

A great deal of uneducated individuals in today’s time believe that the settlements consistently cooperated before the French and Indian war. Yet, tragically the individuals who think this aren't right. Indeed the main association between the states, other than the way that they were all piece of England, was through exchange. With this free association there could never be any desire for crushing the French in the French and Indian war. In any case, fortunately Ben Franklin had an extraordinary thought to join the provinces called the Albany plan of association. Despite the fact that it was not passed, the Albany Plan of association was a virtuoso thought since it brought each province heavily influenced by one gathering, permitted the assortment of assessments for military purposes, and joined the states with the goal that they could really vanquish the French. Most importantly, all through America the main thing overseeing the states other than England was each colony’s own provincial get together. This kept every one of the states exceptionally differing and autonomous from one another. With the Albany Plan every one of the provinces would be leveled out of a Grand Council, which would be going by a President General designated by the ruler. This would keep all the Colonies together and tailing one request. With this the Colonies could simple be prepared for war if anything somehow managed to occur. Furthermore, another large issue with the isolated states was the way that scarcely any cash was sent to help the war exertion. Without cash for help there would be no chance to get for provisions. Under the Albany Plan for Union, the amazing gathering would reserve the privilege to gather assessments to go towards the war exertion. One of the contradictions about this piece of the arrangement was that the bigger provinces lost control since they would be paying more duties then the littler states. This would end up being Benjamin Franklin’s most brave piece of his arrangement. At long last, one of the most significant pieces of this arrangement was that it joined all the settlements as one. Before this arrangement the volunteer army was state based and not proficient. Additionally state civilian army would not leave the limit of their own state. This made the Militia feeble and incapable to crush the French. With this association of settlements, the state armies could go to the war in minutes gaining them the moniker, Minutemen. Taking everything into account, The Albany Plan of Union was genuinely a virtuoso thought. Each part f the arrangement was what the provinces should have been joined together and to crush the French powers. Unfortunately however, The Albany Plan of Union required an endorsement from parliament and the provincial congregations. At long last it was not passed in light of the fact that the British considered it to be a danger and the Assemblies preferred there power. Despite the fact that it was not acknowledged it was a good thought. Despite the fact that it was not passed, the Albany Plan of association was a virtuoso thought since it brought each state heavily influenced by one gathering, permitted the assortment of duties for military purposes, and joined the provinces with the goal that they could really overcome the French.

Albert Einsteins Theories - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION (Attention getter): Do you ever wonder how the universe works? How time isnt linear? how the planets revolve around the sun? (Specific purpose statement): Albert Einstein did, from the moment he received his geometry book which he called his holy geometry book, he was hooked. He went on to explain these phenomenons in a series of theories, theory of special relativity, theory of general relativity, photoelectric effect, and unified field theory. (Audience relevency): His studies will be the explanation of gravitational waves, the orbit of mercury, and gravitational lensing. (Credibility Statement): His ideas would fascinate me so much that I would find myself binge watching documentaries of his life and of his studies. My interests in Einstein would lead me to find more important physicists and cosmologists such as stephen hawking which would spark my love for science even more. (Preview of main pointsCentral Idea): Today I will be informing you about Einsteins findings and explain its importance in this world. (Connective: First of Einsteins two theories is his theory of special relativity ) BODY Theory of Special Relativity E=mc^2 it proved that energy and mass are different forms of the same thing If mass is somehow totally converted into energy, it also shows how much energy would be inside that mas Mass increases with speed Atomic energy it explains the atomic energy created by nuclear power plants it explains the atomic energy created by atomic bomb (Transition: now that I have explained Einsteins theory of special relativity, I will then explain his theory of general relativity) Theory of general relativity it explains that what we perceive as the force of gravity in fact arises from the curvature of space and time (space-time) Gravitational Waves ripples in space-time created by violent events LIGO proved it with the collision of 2 black holes Orbit of Mercury It is shifting over time because of the curvature of space-time Gravitational Lensing an object in space with great mass will bend light around it Wormholes the bending of space-time to allow a passage which could be followed for long journeys through the universe (Connective:Einsteins theories has done so much and will be the basis of our understanding of the universe ) CONCLUSION (Signpost): in conclusion (Review main points): Einsteins theories, theory of special relativity and theory of general relativity has contributed so much to the scientific world. It answered many questions that physicist and astronomers have been asking. (Capstone statement): einsteins studies has changed the way we think of the universe and will continue to do so as we prove many of his theories with experiments Questionnaire summary Many of my classmates like science and many of them know what einstein has done. so in order to catch their attention, I will explain it thoroughly and break down the meaning while giving examples. many of them believe that einsteins discovery is important, which is good, so i would like to explain to them how it is important and what it has done for us. there are a few who know a lot about science maybe even more than I do but i will do my best to satisfy their needs of a good presentation on it. these few know a lot about his theories. And we got like 2 or 3 who dont like science at all and dont care for it.

Malcolm X Essay - 855 Words

Malcolm X was one of the most prominent and controversial leaders during the civil rights era of the 1950’s and 1960’s. By the early 1960’s he had grown frustrated with the non violent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would ultimately lose control of their own movement. Malcolm X was a key spokesman for the nation of Islam, epitomized the â€Å"Black Power† philosophy. Malcolm became an influential leader of the nation of islam, which combined Islam with black nationalism and sought to encourage and enfranchise disadvantaged young blacks searching for confidence in segregated america. He was born May 19,1925 in Omaha, NE. His family was frequently harassed by the Ku Klux Klan before he was even born. In his early†¦show more content†¦Dr. King once said â€Å" I feel that Malcolm X has done himself and our people a great disservice†. Philosophical differences with Dr. King were one thin; a breach with Elijah Muh ammad proved much more traumatic. In 1963, Malcolm became disillusioned when he learned his hero and mentor had violated many of his own teachings. He had multiple affairs and in fact, fathered several children in wedlock. Malcolm feeling of being betrayed led him to leave the Nation of Islam in 1964. That same year he went traveling in Africa and Middle East. The trip proved to be a turning point in his life. He learned to place the American Civil Rights Movement within the context of a global anti-colonial struggle and embracing Socialism. Malcolm X returned to the United States less angry and more optimistic about the prospects for peaceful resolution to Americas race problem. He said â€Å"The true brotherhood i had seen had influenced me to recognize that anger can blind human vision†. As soon as Malcolm X appeared to be embarking on an ideological transformation with the potential to get on the right path of the Civil rights Movement, he was assassinated. On the even ing of February 21,1965, at the Audobon Ballroom in Manhattan,where Malcolm X was about to deliver a speech, three gunmen rushed the stage and shot him fifteen times in black range. Malcolm was pronounced dead on arrival at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital shortly thereafter. The three men who wereShow MoreRelatedEssay on Malcolm X1346 Words   |  6 Pagesamong all of these leaders though, Malcolm X. Although fighting for the same thing as his colleagues in the civil rights movements, he was considered by many to represent the more extreme side of the battle for equality in the United States. It is his standout views and beliefs that make Malcolm X one of the most prominent and fascinating African-American leaders in the 1950s and 60s. Malcolm X was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska by the name of Malcolm Little. His childhood was plaguedRead More Malcolm X Essay746 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Malcom X was a man known widely for his strong beliefs. His willingness to accept the preaching of Elijah Muhammad and serve him loyaly, was due to his past experiences with the white man. Starting off as a boy in Lansing, next moving to Boston, then living in Harlem, his experinces with various white people shaped his belief system. Towards the end of his life, his interaction with group of very different white people on his pilgrimage brought about a change in hisRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X962 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born to Louise and Earl Little. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the seventh of eleven children. Malcolms father, Earl, was a Baptist minister from Reynolds, Georgia. His mother was raised in Grenada in the British West Indies. His father was also became an organizer for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey and his followers fought for racial separation and more power for blacks. Growing up, MalcolmsRead More Malcolm X Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960s believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther Kings non-violent protests werent working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm Xs life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and anRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley was published in 1965. It is national best seller about the life and times of Malcolm X. On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. This caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm’s father and his family violently. His family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at, burned out of their home, harassedRead More malcolm x Essays1283 Words   |  6 Pages Malcolm X was a very interesting and complicated person. Throughout his life, Malcolm had exposure to practically every type of person the world had to offer. In his younger years, he excel led in his community predominately surrounded by whites. He then got into the hustling business within the black community which supplied for all types of people. After that, he joined the Nation of Islam, joining himself with many Muslims. Lastly, Malcolm went on a Hajj to Africa, where his communication withRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1238 Words   |  5 Pagesis living every night in fear, the burning down of your home by the Ku Klux Klan and the â€Å"accidental† death of your father who’s head was detached from his own body? This is the only memory that comes to Malcolm Little from his childhood. Malcolm Little who is famously recognized as Malcolm X was born into a world of hatred on May 19, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska. His father was a freelance Baptist Preacher who incorporated the teaching of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Gravey. With continuous threatsRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1889 Words   |  8 PagesMalcolm X Outline A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything. Thesis Statement: Malcolm  X was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, anti-Semitism, and violence. Introduction I. Malcolm X opposed the mainstream civil rights movement, publicly calling for black separatism and rejecting nonviolence and integrationRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X2023 Words   |  9 PagesMalcolm X   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Malcolm X was a man of strong words and beliefs. Some say that he was a man of hate and violence. Some also say that he was a smart man of hope and peace. Malcolm X‘s influence on people was felt more than it was alive rather than dead. Malcolm X was a major contributor to the black societies across the world. He fought for what he believed in and educated the young. Though his early life was full of up’s and downs he managed to, what some would say, â€Å"turn his life around†.Read MoreMalcolm X Essay1795 Words   |  8 Pageswas this man? Malcolm X, an 8th grade drop with a dead dad and a mentally unstable mom who started with a life of crime, but after learning about Islam, had a new outlook on things. An Ironic quote from Malcolm X is [If youre not ready to die for it, take the word freedom out of your vocabulary]. Malcolm X, a devout Muslim, who saw the injustices in the Muslim African American community, used his voice to fight for equality and freedom. Malcolm X or at the time was known as â€Å"Malcolm Little† was

Swot analysis Essay - 810 Words

Swot analysis Marketing Swot analysis focuses on the internal and external environment of our business, examining strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment and opportunities and threats in the external environment. Swot Analysis is a very effective way of identifying our strengths and weaknesses, and of examining the opportunities and threats we face. Swot analysis looks at the factors which affects the success or failure of our business. Our company’s strengths includes the following * We have a well motivated workforce. * Well and good established types of products. * Our young enterprise group has a strong sales force. * Some students in my group have past sales experience. * We can also†¦show more content†¦* We could expand or extend. * Our local competitors could have poor or lower quality products than ours. * We could seek better supplier deals. * Our competitors may be slow to adopt new technologies. * We could also change our consumers taste. The treats against our company includes the following * Competition is the biggest threat facing our young enterprise group, a company producing similar products as ours is Claire’s accessories in which they sell gift products, fashion accessories like ladies hand bags, head bands, jewelleries. Etc. this store is located at Romford market. * Change in consumers taste, this may make consumers stop buying our products. * Change or reduction in population of students PESTEL analysis is used to scan the political, economic, social, technological environment within which the company operates in order to identify changes in trends. This might include change in fashion of students, new type of products and services, change in life style. Identifying PESTEL is a useful way of summarising the external environment in which our business operates. Political factor affecting the young enterprise business The government affects our business locally since we will not be exporting our products outside UK we would only be affected locally. We would need to collect local permission fromShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our externalRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) a nd things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe SWOT analysis was originally introduced by Andrews Christiansen, Guth and Learned in 1969 and its basic organizing principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of str ategic management. [BADEN-FULLER, C. H. A. R. L. E. S., STOPFORD, J. (2002). The Firm Matters More than the Industry. Strategy for Business: A Reader, 123.] It is a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising their internal and external determinants of their organization’sRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users

Legalize prostitution misc10 Essay Example For Students

Legalize prostitution misc10 Essay Prostitution: Prostitution might appear to be an odd topic for historical inquiry. As the worlds oldest profession, concerned with buying and selling something as natural and unchanging as sex, it might seem to have no history. However, prostitution is subject to historical change and is shaped by the society in which it exists. In the United States, over the last couple hundred years, the nature of prostitution and the experiences of people working as prostitutes have varied a great deal. The character of womens economic options has affected them by economic depression, by wars, by changing popular attitudes and, in particular, by the law and the ways in which the police, the courts and the prisons have administered the law. Organized political resistance has also played a role. Women working as prostitutes have developed strategies to survive and resist increasing social control. At the same time, the unique cultures of prostitutes are also formed by factors not immediately related to their work. For example, prostitution is more prevalent in working class communities and families. The historical record of prostitution, however, points us towards examining issues of social control, religion, profits, disease and legal regulations. It is funny how prostitution is the worlds oldest profession, and yet it is still only legal in one of the fifty United States of America. Prostitution could be a guaranteed moneymaker for the Internal Revenue Service; instead, it remains a seedy underside of society. It seems obvious to me that prostitution should be legalized, although statistics regarding the rates of disease and death from such an industry are difficult to verify it is common sense that the cost to society is high. Consider the necessary evils of pimps, or procurers, these are men (and occasionally women) who traffic in the flesh of others, as tax free as the Catholic Church I might add. And prostitutes themselves, whether working in a legal brothel in Nevada or on the corner of forty-second and Broadway, These are women, (and occasionally men) who have given up all other options for money making. Usually forced to admit that their one marketable skill isnt even legally marketable. Prostitution is about sex, and so it is dirty, and wrong, and illegal. But is it really so dirty wrong or even as illegal as we are lead to belive? Is it even what we think it is? The conundrum that I come to is that we only seem to know prostitution when we see it. Defining it is a stickier wicket. Okay, we know that sex for money is prostitution, but what about sex for a place to live, if one does not live and have sex with ones significant other, then one must either find another other, or pay rent on a place of their own, yet a man who pays his girlfriends rent could not be arrested. As a matter of fact, a man who gave his girlfriend money because she needed it could not be arrested, neither could the woman. But if the man and the woman do not know each other before the sex act, and have an agreement spoken or otherwise that there will be no social contact after the act, well, thats illegal. Whats the difference? DeBouvier states that: Marriage. ..is directly correlated with prostitution whichfollows humanity from ancient to modern times like a dark shadow over the family. a caste of shameless women allows the honest woman to be treated with he most chivalrous respect. The prostitute is a scapegoat; man vents his turpitude upon her, and he rejects her. She is treated as a pariah. .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .postImageUrl , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:hover , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:visited , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:active { border:0!important; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:active , .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471 .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8fcd4821aebb37d0c226f868cbb51471:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Technology Helpful or Hurtful Essay Viewed from the standpoint of economics her position corresponds with that of the married woman. Moralists would say there is a large difference. People especially in this Judeo-Christian, puritanically rooted society of late 20th Century America need to believe that sex equals love. Money cant buy love. Selling sex is wrong. But it brings us back again and again to the definition of selling. Clearly bartering sex isnt quite so wrong. A single mother, with a boyfriend, who gets an offer for a job in another state. This job pays significantly more money than her current position. The woman announces she .

smoking and advertising Essays (355 words) - Kids, Amateur Sports

High School Sports Do Students Who Play Sports In School Tend To Be More Successful In The Future? High school is a time for young adults to try and find themselves. Some students decide to be the nerds, or join certain clubs but many students venture into the world of sports. I believe that students who play sports are more likely to stay off the streets and not partake in activities that deal with alcohol and drugs. In today's society more and more kids find themselves on streets drinking and doing drugs. I feel that young adults who partake in sports are more likely to stay in school and get an education. Sports give students an opportunity to find themselves. One reason why kids should be involved in sports is that it allows the children to stay of trouble. The schools have a strict policy regarding grades for those who play sports. Sports give the children to have an education because the children have to do well in school to get the opportunity to play a sportthey love very much. These policies, though many kids do not like them very much, keeps kids off of the streets and in the classroom. Sports not only give an incentive to going to classes and school but also doing well in school. Not only do sports academically help young adults today but also society puts great pressures on kids about how they look with great emphasis on their weight. The sports programs in school provides a g reat opportunity to stay healthy and in shape. As well as health issues sports also improve your self-esteem. It is hard to accomplish anything if children do not think they have it in them. In result through sports not only do become physically fit but children also feel good about themselves as a person. Another reason sports are important is that sports provide an easier way of making friends. For many making friends is a hard thing to do, but through sports children do not really have a choice but to get to know their teammates. With these friendships, children are able...

Computer Ethics Essays - Social Philosophy, Professional Ethics

Computer Ethics Essays - Social Philosophy, Professional Ethics Computer Ethics Abstract The computer is considered one of the most technological advances of the twentieth century. As the general public becomes increasingly ?computer literate,' the gap between technology and peoples' intellect notably shrinks. The readily available computers, software, and assorted output devices have enlightened many but, in turn, have increased the using of computers for unethical activities, privacy invasion and illegal purposes. Legal sanctions against abusive use of computers are a reactive approach. A proactive approach is to teach students about computer ethics in classrooms. An effective teaching method are the presentation of ethical scenarios. It is anticipated that through this method, students will personalize the need for developing ethical standards of behavior. The ultimate goal is for students, if necessary, to change their set of personal beliefs to include ethics. INTRODUCTION The computer is considered one of the most important technological advances of the twentieth century. Security and privacy issues have been in existence long before the computer became a vital component of organizations' operations. Nevertheless, the operating features of a computer make it a double-edged sword. Computer technologies with reliable error detection and recording capabilities, permit the invasion of a supposedly secure environment to occur on a grand scale and go undetected. Furthermore, computer and communications technology permit the invasion of a persons' privacy and likewise go undetected. Two forces threaten privacy: one, the growth of information technology with its enhanced capacity for surveillance, communication, computation, storage and retrieval and two, the more insidious threat, the increased value of information in decision making. Information has become more vital in the competitive environment, thus, decision makers covet it even if it viol! ates another's privacy. Violation of ones personal privacy, via computers, may in part be due to the incomplete understanding of responsibility on the part of those involved. Is it a management or a technical concern? Ethical standards that evolved over the history of Western civilization deal with interpersonal relationships. What is right or wrong? What one should do and not do when dealing with other people. Ethical behavior in a business environment has not been as clearly defined. When businesses were small and the property of a few individuals, traditional ethical standards were applied to meet different situations. However, as businesses became larger, the interpersonal ethical relations did not provide any clear behavioral guidelines. Likewise, the principles of ethical relationships were even less pertinent to the corporate environments. Recently, there has been an increased interest in ethical standards for computer professionals using computers. This concern is heightened by the current focus on the ?people side' of computer security. Is it a violation of copyright laws to copy software? Is this as serious as ?stealing' data or illegally infiltrating and viewing data in a computer database? NEEDS ASSESSMENT As the general public becomes increasingly ?computer literate', the gap between technology and people's intellect noticeably shrinks. Computer systems are no longer composed of one large, simple, straightforward batch-oriented computer. They are now integrated real-time query-based currently available computers, software, and assorted output devices have enlightened many. The danger is now more apparent that computer abuse will soon increase dramatically if it is not curtailed by legal sanctions and if people do not adapt some code of ethic. Sometimes people employ ethics when it is convenient and to their advantage. At other times they set any ethical standards aside by rationalizing that there is a greater good that should be considered. Unfortunately ethical behavior is not part of the law of nature, but part of a person's set of beliefs and behavior. An important aspect of computer users' ethical abuse includes the privacy question. Why exactly is a person's privacy important? There is no simple answer to this question, as long as people have concerns and commitments that may be harmed by personal disclosures. 1. There are several reasons why medical records should be kept private, having to do with the consequences to individuals that facts concerning them becoming public knowledge. The average patient does not realize the importance of the confidentiality of medical records. Passing out information on venereal disease can wreck a marriage. Revealing a pattern of alcoholism or drug abuse can result in a person losing his job or make it impossible for the person to obtain insurance protection. 2.

Funding Sources within Upcoming Entrepreneurs Research Paper

Funding Sources within Upcoming Entrepreneurs - Research Paper Example This is the scenario where there emerge various businesspersons who are willing to start their own businesses for the purpose of providing better services to the people, which in the process results to better profit realization. Consequently, in the process of starting a new business organization, entrepreneurs should make sure they consider and meet various factors such as capital, labor and better management in order to avoid the collapse of the organization at its early stages. Moreover, the emergence of these business organizations are helpful as they results to the creation of job opportunities within the given environment, therefore, they should be encouraged. Thesis Based on the development of new businesses, this paper provides the three types of funding sources that an entrepreneur should considers during capital generation, some of the merits of the provided funding sources and their disadvantages. It also provides some of the factors that the lender should consider in the borrower and some of the ways in which the information need to be presented to the lender. The research paper also provides some of the procedures that need to be followed in future in during the process of entrepreneurial endeavor and some of the ways in which entrepreneurs may manage to start their own businesses. ... Question 1: Types of Funding Sources to Entrepreneurs During the process of coming up with a business organization, there are various factors that an entrepreneur should consider for the success of the business to be achieved. One of the main factors to be looked at is the capital for starting the proposed business. Therefore, there are three main types of funding sources that an entrepreneur should consider in the process of generating capital for starting a business. These include: Debt Financing Through the process of debt financing, an entrepreneur is required to apply for loans from various financial institutions such as banks and non-government institutions. Therefore, before an organization decide to borrow money from these institutions, the need to consider the lending process, interest provided and the period in which the organization is required to settle all their debts. If the information provided by the banks complies with the situation of the business, the entrepreneur needs to apply for the loans (Viramgami 178). On the other hand, for the bank organization to strike the deal with the organization they need to consider the cash flow of the organization and the security that the proposed organization provides against the loan provided. Grants This is the process whereby various entrepreneurs become part of some of the government agencies within their respective countries. For instance, in the United States, most of their new entrepreneurs who are willing to start small businesses become members of the Small Business Administration, which is part of the Small Business Innovation Research programs (Talloo, 78). Therefore, in the process of becoming part of these government organizations, these people are in the position of getting help

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example The main reason for the differences coming short may so be given by the treasury was the previous failings of monetary policy. In their description of the new monetary framework of October 1999, the principal argument was that previously there had been that numerous shortcomings in the design and conduct of monetary policy. Objectives were often inappropriate or unclear, while decisions were often poorly coordinated with fiscal policy or were made too late to prevent inflationary pressures from building. Roles and responsibilities were also ill-defined, creating the impression that policy decisions could be based on short-term political considerations. A lack of transparency hindered accountability and meant that policy-makers were unable to build credibility (Balls, & ODonnell, 2002). Given that the Treasury was conducting both monetary and fiscal policy prior to giving independence to the Bank, this is a remarkable statement. It seems to be either a vote of no confidence in the Treasury, or in the incoming government. It was argued that previous governments had often accompanied an apparently tough budget with an interest rate cut, only to raise interest rates again shortly afterwards, when the budget proved more inflationary than expected. As a result, they proposed that a test of fiscal policy was whether an independent Bank would change interest rates following a budget. Their finding under the new monetary policy arrangements was that interest rate changes did not seem related to the previous budget (Goodhart, 2006). A possible test of what type of policy the Bank is pursuing may be possible when the Bank is faced by a supply shock. Interest rates control inflation through their effect on aggregate demand. Since a positive aggregate demand shock raises demand and inflation, the correct monetary policy response would be to offset the increase in aggregate demand by higher interest rates. In contrast, a negative supply shock- say an oil price increase,

Lighting a cigarette Essay Example for Free

Lighting a cigarette Essay Girlish looking woman, in her late twenties, a little overweight, lost in thought. She is wearing jeans, a white jumper and trainers. Her dark hair is tied back. Scene is set up in the upper right stage corner. It is an airport arrivals lounge. There is luggage around her. She is nervously lighting a cigarette. Lights are directed towards her, the background is in shadow. How many times can you start again? I havent got a job, I dont know the language, and whats most important Ive never been here before. After two years in the Italian sun, grey and cloudy England will be a big change. At least, thats what Ive always heard about the island. Oh! I wish I could call this place home in a few years time. English people sound alright actually. Not that I have met many of them, but the few in the airplane were really nice to me. Their Italian wasnt as good as mine but certainly better than my English. (Silence. She looks around obviously waiting for someone). I left this life behind me and I am not going to regret it. Not much to miss, except the weather, the sea view from the balcony and the food. There was nothing else to stop me from leaving. Martin wasnt Italian and after the last few months I cant even think about him as someone close to my heart. I wish he had said something, anything, but he simply let me leave without a word. It wasnt easy. (Her eyes are filling with tears). I really dont know what I was expecting. After two years together you would have thought that we both would know that it is not how we wanted to live, and certainly not in each others company. But perhaps for Martin everything was great. After only two months we stopped going anywhere. One day I asked him to go to the beach. He said Im tired. You just want to go on the beach all the time. He was tired for the next two years. We met in the Czech Republic where our parents live. None of us was living there on a regular basis any more. Martin had already been in Italy for about two years. His sister had married an Italian, Roberto, and they helped him start a new life there. For most people in the small village where we were born, he was the lucky one. They could only dream about living in Italy. At the time my life wasnt bad, it was very different however. I was working in Germany taking care of an elderly woman. At the beginning it was really tough; I knew hardly any German and had no one there. The first three months I spent in tears, but there was no chance of a job nearer home and I could save a lot of money. The work was live in so I had few expenses. And to be honest it wasnt a hard job at all. Muksi was eighty-eight, but she was in very good health. I was doing some cooking and cleaning, but not much more. They treated me as a part of the family and after while I started to feel it. (Half closed eyes, recalling memories) I think it was Christmas time when I started going out with Martin. He asked me Do you have someone special? I said no quite emphatically! I hadnt thought about starting a new relationship at all, not after my last mistake. But somehow, when I was meeting my friends, Martin was always there and a few weeks later we were celebrating New Years Eve together. It was a distance relationship, he was living in Italy and I was in Germany. He flew to me in Frankfurt for our first Valentines Day! I was so in love. I thought I had found the one. Martin said Maybe we could go back to Italy together. Im going to change flats so I thought that maybe you I loved him even more then! Just a few weeks later I flew to him to start a completely new life on the East coast of Italy. And now I am flying to start a new life again! How many times can you do it? Is there a limit? My mom was really worried that Im moving yet again and of course sad that it hadnt worked out. But I couldnt stay there any longer and she calmed down when I told her that I was going to Tania. I think it took me too long to realise that Martin was not the one. What a waste of time! I should have known long ago. Sadness on her face. Sometimes, without any reason, he didnt talk to me for weeks. It was killing me. I was always there for him, his mate, but I hardly ever got anything back. I was spending all my money on the rent, the food, the bills and he he bought a new car, a plasma TV, some other gadgets. How naive I was thinking that it would all be ours. (Sigh). Towards the end his friend Matej lived with us for two months so it cost me even more. Matej never gave me any money and never said anything. Looking nervously around and checking what time it is. I didnt tell Martin that Tania had bought me a ticket. I didnt ask her for it. She has been my best friend for over fifteen years. I was so ashamed! I didnt have the courage to call her and tell her that Id got it wrong again. After about a month of silence she rang me and said Whats the matter? I know you well enough to know when somethings not right. I told her that life was not perfect. She knew it had to be much worse. She had met Martin once when she and Nick came to Italy for a weeks holiday and they stayed with us. She never said anything and because of this I guessed what she thought, but now she just said Ill send you a ticket to come and visit us. You can stay if you want or you can go back. How did she know that I didnt have any money? That same week Martin reverted to the great guy he could be. We were talking a lot and one night believing he would understand, I told him that I was going to visit Tania. I didnt say it was a one way ticket and that it was really in his hands if I came back or not. He started shouting, Do you really think that she wants you there? She is just trying to be nice. People have got their own problems. That was so nasty of him. (Sigh).

An Analysis of ?The Life and Murder Trial of Xwelas, a S?Klallam Woman :: essays research papers fc

Walking next to his father through the woods on a cool winter day, young Mason hears the sound of a bullet entering his father’s body. As he looks ahead, he sees his mother, Xwelas, lower a shotgun. In the essay The Life and Murder Trial of Xwelas, a S’Klallam Woman, Coll-Peter Thrush and Robert H. Keller, Jr. recall the events before, during, and after the murder of George Phillips, a Welsh immigrant killed by his native wife. Xwelas’ the life before the murder, the actions which provoked Phillips’ death, and how the trial was influenced all help to describe the unusual history that took place in the seventeenth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Xwelas’ had an unstable past that may have contributed to the anger toward George Phillips. In the mid-1800’s, there were several reasons that it was important to marry a person of a different race. â€Å"†¦The threat of slavery, depopulation due to disease, and the breakdown of traditional ways, could have encouraged a young Indian woman to seek relative refuge in marriage with a white man, miles from her home (272).† Xwelas married a man named Edmund Clare Fitzhugh, a native of Virginia who practiced law. After giving birth to two sons, Mason a Julius, Edmund found that home life was dull. He suddenly left for Seattle, leaving Xwelas to herself. However, she married William King Lear, an immigrant from Alabama. After bearing his son, Lear abandoned his family after learning that a relative died. He did not return for more than twenty years. Finally, Xwelas found a common laborer, much less of a public figure than her last two husbands. The authors of the essay write: â€Å"†¦As a forty-year-old woman with three children fathered by two different men, Xwelas may have been considered ‘used merchandise’ by potential white suitors and by tribal leaders looking for strategic marriage alliances. Or perhaps there may have been a romantic attraction between Xwelas and [Phillips]. For whatever reasons, Xwelas married George Phillips on 9 February 1878.† (273) Xwelas’ marriage to Phillips seems to have been the worst of her three marriages. Several accounts describe his alcoholism and violent rages. His beatings of Xwelas often drew the attention of neighbors, however, she sometimes tried to fight back, using weapons such as oars. By Christmas of 1878, she was pregnant with her fourth child. The rocky relationship status between Xwelas and George Phillips provoked the fatal events on Christmas Day.

Explain Kant’s categorical imperative Essay

Kant is an 18th century German philosopher who wrote the book Groundwork for metaphysics. The book deals with his theory that morality is a priori synthetic (a priori is a statement that is knowable without reference to any experience and synthetic means having truth or falsity can be tested using experience or the senses) and that moral decisions should be taken with a universal view to one’s duty to mankind as a whole. He laid out his ideas about the categorical imperative in this book. An imperative is a statement of what should be done. The philosopher Hume said that you can’t get a ‘should’ statement out of an ‘if’ statement. This means that experience can only give us hypothetical imperatives (not moral commands to the will – they are ‘if’ statements and do not apply to everyone and you only need obey them if you want to achieve a certain goal, for example, ‘if’ you want to be healthy then you should exercise and eat a balanced diet). A categorical imperative is a ‘should’ statement, but it is not based on experience, and doesn’t rely on a particular outcome. According to Kant, categorical imperatives apply to everyone because they are based on an objective a priori law of reason (an objective law is something that is factually true). The categorical imperative is one principle with three formulations: The Universal Law, treat humans as ends in themselves and act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. The natural law is to â€Å"act according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† and what it says is that everyone should universalise their maxims without contradiction – for an imperative to be categorical or deontological it must consist of principles that can be applied in any situation. This basically means that before you do something you should ask yourself if you would like everyone in the same situation. If not, then you are involved in a contradiction and what you are thinking of doing is wrong because it is against reason. Kant uses the example of a suicidal man as an example: A man feels sick of life and wants to commit suicide. His maxim is that from self-love I want to shorten my life if its continuance threatens more evil than it promises pleasure. He asks himself whether he would universalise this law, his answer is no because it is humans’ duty to stimulate the furtherance of life and to destroy life would contradict itself and therefore is entirely opposed to the supreme principle of duty. The second principle is to treat humans as ends in themselves: â€Å"so act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, never solely as a means but always as an end†. Kant argues that all humans are searching for the summam bonum (a state in which human virtue and happiness are united). Kant believes that we all have an immortal soul and because of this immortal soul, humans deserve special treatment and that we should seek happiness as long as this happiness does not infringe on other humans ability to seek happiness and this means that we should not exploit others or treat them as things to achieve an end, as they are as rational as we are. To treat another person as a means is to deny that person the right to be rational and independent judge of their actions. It is to make oneself in some way superior and different. An example could be having a sexual relationship with someone – if you have only have sex with someone because you want something from them and not because you love them. The final principle is to act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends; Kant said â€Å"act as a legislating member in the universal Kingdom of Ends†. This means that everyone should act as every other person were an ‘end’ – a free, independent agent. Kant believed that each person is independent and moral judgements should not be based on any empirical consideration about human nature, human flourishing or human destiny. What this means is that every individual has the ability to understand the principles of pure practical reason and follow them. Pure practical reason must be impartial and so its principles must apply equally to everyone. An example of this is if you’re trying to decide if it would be justified to kill someone who was threatening your family – using Kantian principles – you should not kill them. Acting according to the third principle (and taking the first and second into account) murder can obviously not be universalised or humanity would be wiped out, and killing the man threatening your family is treating him as a means (to saving your family) rather than an end: a human seeking summum bonum. In conclusion, there are three different formulations for Kant’s categorical imperative: The Universal Law, treat humans as ends in themselves and act as if you live in a Kingdom of Ends. Together these three formulations seek to allow humans to make moral decisions which do not infringe the happiness of others but also allow us to progress to perfection.

Culture perspectives from an organisational point of view - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3758 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The world is full of conflicts among people, groups and countries, who think, behave and talk either similarly or differently. This is commonly known as culture. Culture is a concept that in general it summarises the ways of living which were built by a number of people and inherited by their generation (Gurevitch et al, 1982). A variety of scholars have questioned whether culture means the same to people. In general culture correspond to Tylor (1981, p.1) as he has defined it as a complex concept which include many patterns such as beliefs, habits, behaviours, religions, arts, laws, traditions any other attitude acquired a member of society. Additionally, culture has also existed in business in the late 1970s as a result of number of challenges started to face Western management practitioners and theories (Knights, 2007). Hofstede (2005) claimed that form an organisational perspective culture is mainly about the way that an organisation organises and formalises itself. Y et, culture can mean different concepts and beliefs for different people within the same organisation (Knights, 2007). Therefore, defining the organisational culture may not be an easy task. Nonetheless, it has been defined by Hofstede (2005) as the way that operations are being done in a company; he also added that companies strategies, values and the organisational structures will define any companys culture. He also added that culture can be seen in a motto or a slogan but it normally an invisible concept because it in the foundation of organisations and only their employees who actually know it. This essay will diagnose the different perspectives concerning organisational culture which were mentioned by Knights (2007) and investigates whether create, manage and change an organisational culture from each perspective can be achievable. Culture has been seen as one of the most important terms for both including individuals and companies, whose indeed want to be conscious and met hodical about their culture. The simplest definition of organisational culture might be the way operations are being done in a certain organisation (Hofstede, 2005). It has been agreed that explaining an organisations culture to outsiders is hard, if those outsiders were concerned about knowing an organisations culture they have to be in this organisation for a great deal of time before they start to understand the companys observations (Hofstede, 2005). Based on Smith (1992) belief any human organisation develops its own culture over time including a smallest family business or global multi-national companies operating in many countries and time zones over time these corporations develop their own unique identity. The study of organizational culture mainly focuses on the shared of values, beliefs and behavioural norms (Kegan, 2001). Besides, it also put emphases to identify the most important aspect as well as the way that missions should be done in a particular organisation (Kegan , 2001). According to Knights (2007) organisational culture has a number of levels as Schein in Knight (2007) had put forward a model that represents culture when he drew an iceberg and separate it into three levels. The first level in terms of organisational culture refers to norms, observable behaviours and artefacts which he believed are the most obvious aspects of an organisational culture. According to Scheins model this level represents only like 10 % of the overall size of the iceberg. This 10 % of the culture manifestations is being visible and tangible because it is above the water. This level may be able to be spotted by simply just walking into an organisation and analyses it, whether this organisation is an open plan, space seating or even its CEO might be sitting on an open plan very communicative that ultimately resulting in very empowering and communicative set of culture or values. Whereas, other organisations can be very hierarchal for example the office of the c ompanys CEO might be in the top floor and he only gets involve in just formal meeting. The second layer of the iceberg refers to espoused values or as it has been stated in Knights (2007) personal values and attitudes; this layer has less visibility than the previous level but still can be observed just if the mission statement of an organisation was examined, also by understanding this level an idea of what the organisation stands for may become clearer. The final layer in Scheins iceberg represents the culture values and the basic assumptions or the organisations beliefs. Usually this level cannot be seen at all as it is the values in which are in the heart of organisations because it might be built on previous experience that the organisation had and only this organisation can learn from its past; therefore, the most important lessons may be passed toward next generations in order to help them dealing with similar cases that the organisation might face in the future. These past e xperiences can be put forward as driving a vehicle and looking at the mirror at the same time, the vehicle is not going backward but the route can be seen; likewise, when an organisation look back to its past experiences that may help it to improve better. Organisational culture existed in the late 1970s and it has undergone many changes (Knights, 2007). These changes were mainly on the way that how organisational culture should be understood as. Many academics have asserted on that there are two main perspectives that have explained the organisational culture. These perspectives are the mainstream view and the critical view (Knights, 2007). Essentially, some scholars believe that the mainstream culture is a concept that companies have, while the critical views of culture refers to organisations are being the culture. Many contributors as well as Knights (2007) share an agreement that organisational culture from the mainstream perspective has a number of fundamental points. Th e first point is that organisations cultures are being created at the top of these organisations by either their managers or owners, and then this culture will be infused downward people who work in these organisations. In other words, whatever is being done by people at the top of an organisation such as managers is generally what the rest of the company is going.The second point is when this type of culture has been created normally it will integrate and stabilise organisations because these cultures certify that every individual in these organisations will have the same beliefs, actions and responses. The third point is the claim that if organisational culture was managed properly it may lead to an excellence in the performance as consequence since organisations management are the once who are responsible to form the overall organisations culture; thus, if this culture was followed, the organisations objectives would be achieved, and for that reason the performance of this organi sation is more likely to become excellent. Conversely, a vast number of contributors disagreed that organisational culture from the mainstream perspective does not apply two important themes. Firstly, they disagreed on whether there is a one best culture that fits all organisations. This point can be true because if there was one best culture that would fit all organisations none of the organisations in the world might have lost, or yet to loss in the future. In other words, if the term one best culture was true then all organisations would be successful but that is not happening. However, this term may occur in the future and maybe a new culture emerge which may inspire all organisations and employees. Secondly, contributors and Knights (2007) also disagreed on there is no best way to change, maintain or even build a culture. This point can easily be agreed with since cultures are being created by managers at the top of organisations consequently when those managers want to chan ge the organisational culture, each of them has his own unique style of changing the overall culture so that every manager may believe that their way of changing the organisations culture is the best one; therefore, agreeing on one best way to change, maintain or build a culture may appear as an impossible to be achieved. However, always there is a possibility that all the contributors disagreements may reach an agreement in the future because managing organisations always change over time so that the current management implications which are used by many organisations may differ from the once that they were being used in the past; hence, they may also change in the future. There are a number of organisational cultures or culture theories that were identified by Handy in Knights (2007) to support the mainstream perspective. Firstly, power culture is one of these theories (Handy, 1993). It has been claimed by Handy (1993) that in a power culture control is the most important eleme nt. This type of culture is mainly found in a small sized or in a beginner family business so that the owner of the business or the business managers normally put a set of rules that they will control every individual who are involving in this business. Secondly, Knights (2007) mentioned the role culture. Nowadays the term role culture has been created in most organisations (Knights, 2007). Principally role culture divides the organisation processes into a number of mini groups and each individual within one of these groups is given a specific role these roles are usually given to employees in their job description. Knights (2007) believed that role culture will increase the productivity of the companys employees. He also thinks that a culture such as role culture is rather rational to be organised in large organisations. Another culture theory is the task culture. This culture is being believed by Knights (2007) to be one of the most popular cultures in the modern business environm ent. Meaning that if a culture is being used managers of organisations would institute specific teams which have to be followed in order to complete certain mission. In this way of culture leaders should select carefully the right people and resources to get a project done (Knights, 2007). Knights (2007) believes that the most important key values in this culture are expertise and teamwork, that may be because of finishing a task in a certain time is very necessary; hence, expertise have a high level of performativity and teamwork normally help doing load of work in short time. Also task culture may help employees to be motivated and given the feeling of being empowered since they may have to make decisions within their groups. Besides, they may also feel respected as they may were selected to be responsible of their team; thus, they want their task to be succeeded at the end. Lastly, Handy (1993) argued that person cultures are usually followed by nonprofit organisations. Knights ( 2007) added that the emphasis of this culture is either for individuals or freedom. In other words, it may mean that the existence of these organisations is mostly to satisfy their members needs, for example, some people prefer to share their working space, IT network or even their office because they think it helps them to be motivated or unstressed. Knights (2007) also declared that from the mainstream perspective managing the organisational culture can be done; nonetheless, it is not an easy process because from within an organisation culture can be different; Knights (2007) named it sub-cultures. Essentially, there are a different ways of thinking within most organisations. The first way is the variety in employees way of thinking about their organisation; for example some of them think of being improved in order to get to higher level of this organisation, while others are just thinking of getting a rise in their payment. The second way is the society respond. For example, f rom a consumer point of view they may think of the quality of the organisations products or their pricing system. This may affect the organisations reputation and sure every organisation want to gain the best reputation it can get. The final way is employers culture. Normally employers focus on ways in which they are either maximising their profit or take this company to be one of the leading organisations. A successful management can apply the above three perspectives together. For instance, if workers worked harder to increase the organisations products quality employers may pay them extra to satisfy their need; thus, customers may increase their demand if products had better quality but they may have pay more for these products; therefore, the company will gain more profit. A clear example of an organisation with a variety of sub-cultures is Keele University. The university has many international students. They may think that the education system in the UK is more advanced than i t is in their home countries. While others may decide on doing their degree in the UK because it takes shorter time than it is in their home countries. In other words, maybe most students have different reasons for choosing studying at keele but the fact that they have similar background in their courses might be seen as the overall culture. There is another point of view that organisational culture can be seen as, and it has been named critical perspective or organisation is a culture (Knights, 2007). This perspective of culture claimed to be interpretive (Knights, 2007). It has been written by Knights (2007) that when a companys culture is being looked at from the critical view point, cultures will appear as if are alive. Additionally, culture can be developed from any level within an organisation (Robbins, 1990). In fact, most people in a certain organisation may have a strong impact on the organisation at large (Robbins, 1990). Therefore, it has been quoted by Knights (2007) that it is rather impossible to controll organisations culture because these cultures are not stable especially if the organisation was a big sized one. In all organisations managers are attempting to controll the overall culture but since some organisations are enormous they may need assistants; for that reason, most organisations may have a number of departments each of these department has its own head manager or supervisor, who will be in charge of keeping their departments culture stable and under controll so that the culture of an organisation may become manageable to its employers. Dividing an organisation into various departments could lead to sup-culture. Knights (2007) asserted on that most sub-cultures are not able to be managed. For, every section has its own manager and every manager may have a different managing method; consequently, every section may perhaps have a different sub-culture from it has been required. Controlling an organisations culture from the critical perspective could be achievable if organisations understood these cultures and their sources then a possibility of controlling culture might be created. Most managerial discipline such as motivation and human resource may have a significant influence on shaping the overall culture of an organisation from the critical perspective. For instance, Robert (2006) cited that a good manager is who can analyses and understand employees under his authority so that he may make them fell strong and responsible toward their organisation; hence, when these employees culture start to emerge it may not differ from the managers culture. There is another belief that human recourse could play an important role on managing the organisational culture from the critical perspective. Irena (2007) claimed that people have to go through an interview in most organisations before they are being offered their jobs. Accordingly, there is an opportunity to evaluate applicants so that their views can be underst ood and if they match the organisations views they may consequently offered the job which applied for. Also managers could manage an organisations culture by observing their employees and whose views do not satisfy the organisations culture could be replaced. Gurevitch (1982) wrote that there is a very strong co-relation between companies culture and employee engagement. The concept of organisational culture has been broken down by Knights (2007) as it may include a number of terms such as missions and goals, Rewards and punishments, or authority and power relation or social culture. An example for social culture can be seen in an ice cream company in St Paul Minnesota, United States named Izzys. This company is a premium ice cream brand which has a vast number of flavours most of these flavours are not available most of the time; however, they have implemented an innovative notification system known as flavour up. Customers sing up their favourite flavour in the companys website then the system sends notifications to those customers when their favourite flavours become available. The management of Izzys believe that the system reduce the percentage of customers disappointment when they go the shop and not find their flavour available (Izzys, 2005). The culture of this business is highly intelligent because it makes customers to get involved in developing their products. Similarly, just in time type of culture which is a technique that has no involvement from customers and it is mostly used by factories in order to make organisational operations more efficient (Knights, 2007). However, Knights (2007) also reported that it requires an increase of flexibility and more commitment from the employees. Regarding Just-In-Time culture employees are being required to do their work right from the first time. For that reason, employees culture may start to develop. A variety of organisations attempt to develop a foundation that based on corporate values involving comm unication, respect, integrity and excellence (Pagell, 2005). Nevertheless, those corporate values were also Enrons corporate values just because they were stated that did not mean that they lived them and that had server consequences for the corporation, its people and its customers. The lesson that should be learnt from Enrons case is organisations should not only have to spire values and principles that they at the core of the organisation but also these ideas should be put into action (Gibney, 2005). Enron had a strong organisational culture and most businesses who have had used Enrons culture are successful. Enron was successful for several years; however, it could not keep its success as it has gone bankruptcy in the new millennium. There might be dozens of reason beyond Enrons bankruptcy but the most obvious reason according to Sim (2003) was not Enrons management that means Enron did not have to change its leaders in order to gain success. Enrons issue was that its management did not live its culture. In other words, its culture was not applied into practice and as consequence they failed. The success of any company is resulted from the culture of the company itself (Nastase, 2009). However, if the success was not presented that does not mean that the companys culture is not the right one, it may need some time. For example, the Japanese culture as it has been stated by Choy (1987) usually focuses on the long term profitability. Thus, their success may not appear until it has been a number of years from the existence of the organisation. While the American culture according to Choy (1987) is more concern about making profit in a short time that might have been one of the issues that caused Enron to go bankrupt. It has been written by Knights (2007) that creating a culture is not easy. While Willcoxson (2000) argued that by saying that any organisation can have its own culture but developing this culture on the way that organisations want is the diffi cult task; and this difficulty may occur because developing a culture is being done over time. Many academics have suggested a number of ways that can help to create a strong organisational culture. Indeed, the most important way claimed to be communication (Kegan, 2001). Irena (2007) declared that communication with people is important in both before and after they are being hired, and interview them to understand their views and values and compare their views and values with the once that the organisation has then that may help organisations to find the best employees that they can possibly get. Another important aspect that Knights (2007) had pointed out was getting the culture right is resulted from a great level of performance. However, he started questioning whether there is a one culture that fits in all organisations and lead to the highest level of performance. The term of one best culture sure did not exist otherwise not a single organisation would have yet to be succeed. Nevertheless, it may become true in the future. There might be a possibility to change an organisations culture. The argument that was mentioned in Knights (2007) specified that culture from the mainstream perspective indeed can be changed but there is not one best way to do this change; therefore, it is rather difficult to be put into practice (Knights, 2007). Whereas, Knights (2007) has been quoted that organisational culture from the critical perspective cannot be changed. There is that unique characteristic of every organisation that hard to imitate, it develops over time to give a unique identity to an organisation. Or organisational culture can be seen as the code, the core logic, the software of the mind that organises the behaviour of the employees. It is mainly about the mindset, until this mindset has yet to be owned employees cannot take new actions, plans and structures that the company needs to put its strategy into action. In other words, first comes the mindset the n it will be followed by behaviour and structure together they create a system that guides the company. In conclusion, the concept of organisational culture is changing over time which had led to the two main perspectives that are known globally which are the mainstream and the critical perspectives. Both of these views have its unique theories that if they were put into practice they could lead to a remarkable success. Furthermore, the mainstream view was declared to be managed, changeable and maintained because it is being created by organisations managers and it has been disagreed on whether one best culture that fits all organisations is possible, while the critical view sees that organisations culture cannot be controlled, maintained or changed but it sees it as if organisations come alive and every individual can play enormous role in forming an organisations overall culture. Also it has been demonstrated above that culture can be rather easy to form and shape if some manag erial discipline such as motivation were studied in depth. Also, human resource if they were in a high level of their performance may have a significant influence on any organisations culture because they normally interview their employees before offer them a job and also they can develop an organisations current employees and make them act in a way that their organisation want. Besides, it has been illustrated that having a strong culture is very important; yet, putting this culture into practice is the most important; otherwise, organisations may fall apart. Just like in Enrons case they had a very strong culture but it has never been in action; hence, bankruptcy might have not its faith. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Culture perspectives from an organisational point of view" essay for you Create order